{"id":237,"date":"2024-08-18T11:14:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-18T11:14:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/"},"modified":"2024-08-18T11:14:45","modified_gmt":"2024-08-18T11:14:45","slug":"kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaip naudoti \u201eChattr\u201c komand\u0105 \u201eLinux\u201c."},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<p>The <code>chattr<\/code> (pakeisti atribut\u0105) komanda \u201eLinux\u201c yra galingas \u012frankis, skirtas keisti fail\u0173 atributus ext2, ext3 arba ext4 fail\u0173 sistemoje. Tai leid\u017eia vartotojams nustatyti tam tikrus atributus, kurie valdo, kaip galima pasiekti ir keisti failus. Pavyzd\u017eiui, <code>+i<\/code> Parinktis padaro fail\u0105 nekei\u010diam\u0105, o tai rei\u0161kia, kad jo negali pakeisti, i\u0161trinti ar pervardyti net pagrindinis vartotojas, kol nepa\u0161alinamas nekei\u010diamas atributas. Kiti atributai apima <code>+a<\/code>kuri leid\u017eia fail\u0105 atidaryti tik prid\u0117jimo re\u017eimu, ir <code>+c<\/code>kuris pa\u017eymi fail\u0105 glaudinimui. \u0160i komanda ypa\u010d naudinga sistemos administratoriams, kuriems reikia grie\u017etai kontroliuoti prieigos kontrol\u0119 ir apsaugoti svarbius sistemos failus nuo atsitiktini\u0173 ar kenk\u0117ji\u0161k\u0173 pakeitim\u0173. Ta\u010diau j\u012f reikia naudoti atsargiai, nes netinkamas naudojimas gali nety\u010dia apriboti prieig\u0105 prie fail\u0173.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Turinys:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Butinos_salygos\" >B\u016btinos s\u0105lygos<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Pagrindine_sintakse\" >Pagrindin\u0117 sintaks\u0117<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Parinkciu_paaiskinimas\" >Parink\u010di\u0173 paai\u0161kinimas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Failu_apsauga_nuo_atsitiktinio_istrynimo\" >Fail\u0173 apsauga nuo atsitiktinio i\u0161trynimo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Failu_atributu_nustatymas_is_naujo\" >Fail\u0173 atribut\u0173 nustatymas i\u0161 naujo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Leidziama_prideti_duomenis_nekeiciant_esamu_duomenu\" >Leid\u017eiama prid\u0117ti duomenis nekei\u010diant esam\u0173 duomen\u0173<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Katalogu_apsauga_rekursyviai\" >Katalog\u0173 apsauga rekursyviai<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/2024\/08\/18\/kaip-naudoti-chattr-komanda-linux\/#Isvada\" >I\u0161vada<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Butinos_salygos\"><\/span>B\u016btinos s\u0105lygos<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Serveris, kuriame veikia Linux operacin\u0117 sistema.<\/li>\n<li>Serveryje sukonfig\u016bruotas root slapta\u017eodis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pagrindine_sintakse\"><\/span>Pagrindin\u0117 sintaks\u0117<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pagrindin\u0117 sintaks\u0117 <code>chattr<\/code> komanda yra:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chattr (OPTIONS) (OPERATOR)(ATTRIBUTES) FILE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Parinkciu_paaiskinimas\"><\/span>Parink\u010di\u0173 paai\u0161kinimas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<code>+<\/code>: Prideda prie failo konkre\u010di\u0173 atribut\u0173.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>-<\/code>: pa\u0161alina konkre\u010dius atributus i\u0161 failo.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>=<\/code>: nustato nurodytus atributus kaip vienintelius atributus.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>a<\/code>: Fail\u0105 galima atidaryti tik prid\u0117jimo re\u017eimu, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima ra\u0161yti.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>A<\/code>: <code>atime<\/code> \u012fra\u0161as neatnaujintas.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>c<\/code>: automati\u0161kai suglaudina fail\u0105.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>i<\/code>: apsaugo fail\u0105 nuo atsitiktinio i\u0161trynimo.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>S<\/code>: Fail\u0173 pakeitimai diske \u012fra\u0161omi sinchroni\u0161kai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Failu_apsauga_nuo_atsitiktinio_istrynimo\"><\/span>Fail\u0173 apsauga nuo atsitiktinio i\u0161trynimo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Svarbi\u0173 fail\u0173 apsauga yra labai svarbi bet kuriam sistemos administratoriui. The <code>chattr<\/code> komanda gali apsaugoti fail\u0105, kad joks vartotojas negal\u0117t\u0173 jo i\u0161trinti, pervardyti ar modifikuoti.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Sukurkite katalog\u0105 ir fail\u0105:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir dir1\ntouch file1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Spausdinkite abiej\u0173 atributus <code>file1<\/code> ir <code>dir1<\/code>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vestis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May  3 11:56 dir1\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 May  3 11:56 file1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nustatykite <code>+i<\/code> v\u0117liav\u0117l\u0117 ant abiej\u0173 <code>dir1<\/code> ir <code>file1<\/code>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chattr +i dir1\nchattr +i file1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Patikrinkite atribut\u0105:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ls -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vestis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May  3 11:56 dir1\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 May  3 11:56 file1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pabandykite i\u0161trinti fail\u0105 ir katalog\u0105:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">rm -rf file1 dir1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vestis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">rm: cannot remove \u2018file1\u2019: Operation not permitted\nrm: cannot remove \u2018dir1\u2019: Operation not permitted\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pabandykite pervardyti fail\u0105:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mv file1 file2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vestis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">mv: cannot move \u2018file1\u2019 to \u2018file2\u2019: Operation not permitted\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pabandykite pakeisti failo leidim\u0105:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chmod 777 file1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vestis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">chmod: changing permissions of \u2018file1\u2019: Operation not permitted\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Failu_atributu_nustatymas_is_naujo\"><\/span>Fail\u0173 atribut\u0173 nustatymas i\u0161 naujo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nor\u0117dami leisti keisti ir i\u0161trinti fail\u0105, i\u0161 naujo nustatykite ankstesniame veiksme nustatytus failo atributus:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chattr -i file1 dir1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dabar galite patikrinti failo ir katalogo b\u016bsen\u0105:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">lsattr\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vestis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">-------------e-- .\/dir1\n-------------e-- .\/file1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leidziama_prideti_duomenis_nekeiciant_esamu_duomenu\"><\/span>Leid\u017eiama prid\u0117ti duomenis nekei\u010diant esam\u0173 duomen\u0173<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jei norite leisti vartotojams tik prid\u0117ti duomenis nekei\u010diant esam\u0173 duomen\u0173, naudokite <code>+a<\/code> v\u0117liav\u0117l\u0117 faile.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Sukurkite nauj\u0105 fail\u0105 su turiniu:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo \"Hi How Are You\" &gt; newfile.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Nustatykite <code>+a<\/code> atributas faile:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chattr +a newfile.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pabandykite pakeisti esam\u0105 turin\u012f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo \"I am replacing\" &gt; newfile.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Klaida:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">bash: newfile.txt: Operation not permitted\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Prid\u0117ti nauj\u0105 turin\u012f prie esamo failo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo \"This is new content\" &gt;&gt; newfile.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Patikrinkite failo turin\u012f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">cat newfile.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>I\u0161vestis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">Hi How Are You\nThis is new content\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Katalogu_apsauga_rekursyviai\"><\/span>Katalog\u0173 apsauga rekursyviai<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Naudokite <code>-R<\/code> v\u0117liava su <code>+i<\/code> nor\u0117dami rekursyviai apsaugoti katalog\u0105 ir jo pakatalogius.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Sukurkite katalogus ir pakatalogius:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mkdir -p test\/dir1\/dir2\nmkdir -p test\/dir3\/dir4\nmkdir -p test\/dir5\/dir6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Apsaugokite <code>test<\/code> katalogas ir visi pakatalogiai:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chattr -R +i test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pabandykite i\u0161trinti <code>test<\/code> katalogas su visais pakatalogiais:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">rm -rf test\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Klaida:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-plaintext\">rm: cannot remove \u2018test\/dir1\/dir2\u2019: Permission denied\nrm: cannot remove \u2018test\/dir5\/dir6\u2019: Permission denied\nrm: cannot remove \u2018test\/dir3\/dir4\u2019: Permission denied\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>I\u0161 naujo nustatykite atribut\u0105 i\u0161 <code>test<\/code> katalogas:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">chattr -R -i test\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Dabar galite i\u0161trinti <code>test<\/code> katalogas su visais pakatalogiais.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Isvada\"><\/span>I\u0161vada<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0160iame vadove su\u017einojote, kaip apsaugoti failus ir katalogus naudojant <code>chattr<\/code> komand\u0105. \u0160i komanda yra b\u016btina norint apsaugoti svarbius konfig\u016bracijos failus ir u\u017etikrinti grie\u017et\u0105 prieigos kontrol\u0119 Linux aplinkoje. The <code>chattr<\/code> komanda gali padaryti failus nekei\u010diamus, tik prid\u0117tinius ir dar daugiau, tod\u0117l tai yra svarbus \u012frankis sistemos administratoriams.<\/p>\n<p>The <code>lsattr<\/code> komanda taip pat yra vertingas fail\u0173 ir katalog\u0173 atribut\u0173 per\u017ei\u016bros draugas. Veiksmingas \u0161i\u0173 komand\u0173 supratimas ir naudojimas pad\u0117s apsaugoti \u201eLinux\u201c sistemas nuo atsitiktini\u0173 ar neleistin\u0173 pakeitim\u0173.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Jei tekste radote klaid\u0105, si\u0173skite prane\u0161im\u0105 autoriui pa\u017eym\u0117dami klaid\u0105 ir paspausdami Ctrl-Enter.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>        Nor\u0117dami komentuoti, turite b\u016bti prisijung\u0119.<\/p>\n<p>\n            <a class=\"nav-link ajax-link\" href=\"https:\/\/techplanet.today\/login\" rel=\"nofollow\"><br \/>\n                <i class=\"fa icon-login\"\/>  Prisijunkite<br \/>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/techplanet.today\/post\/how-to-use-chattr-command-in-linux\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The chattr (pakeisti atribut\u0105) komanda \u201eLinux\u201c yra galingas \u012frankis, skirtas keisti fail\u0173 atributus ext2, ext3 arba ext4 fail\u0173 sistemoje. Tai leid\u017eia vartotojams nustatyti tam tikrus atributus, kurie valdo, kaip galima pasiekti ir keisti failus. Pavyzd\u017eiui, +i Parinktis padaro fail\u0105 nekei\u010diam\u0105, o tai rei\u0161kia, kad jo negali pakeisti, i\u0161trinti ar pervardyti net pagrindinis vartotojas, kol nepa\u0161alinamas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologijos"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infonaujiena.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}